With very few exceptions, including the absolute necessity for insulin replacement in Type 1 and the all-round benefits of regular physical activity, for the vast majority, it’s becoming ever clearer that diabetes is a condition where one size most definitely does not fit all. Not in terms of treatments, delivery devices, monitoring, emotional response, coping mechanisms or even the exact diagnosis. As the famous Monty Python quote goes ‘you’re all individuals’, and in this case, there is no little voice piping up, ‘I’m not!’
From SD’s point of view, this is very much A Good Thing, and one which we have long promoted, so it was very heartening to see a couple of recent publications that seem to emphasise this point, albeit in different ways
Firstly, the updated ‘Diabetes UK evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes’ painstakingly repeat throughout their recommendations that individual’s food preferences, foods rather than nutrients and broader considerations of weight, activity, medications and the like, need to be made alongside simply their ‘diet’ in general or sugar intake in particular
This is a very welcome departure and one, as the recommendations also say, that will be more accessible and relevant to people living with diabetes as well as health professionals. Notwithstanding that, the recommendations are very clear that a reduction in processed foods, refined carbohydrates and an aim for Mediterranean-style healthy eating is valuable. Again, this reflects the evidence without being overly prescriptive as perhaps, previous guidelines have been wont to do
The need for education for both prevention of, and living with, diabetes features heavily in what we might call these new ‘eating’ guidelines. This brings us to the other recent eye-catching publication. This is a review of diabetes self management education programmes , from an internationally known set of authors. The paper describes that for many people with diabetes, education programmes, however effective, are simply not accessible. The authors give the 2 top barriers to uptake as, firstly, that health professionals do not sufficiently recommend attendance and secondly, that people living with diabetes believe there is no or little need for them to attend. Unsurprisingly, the review concludes that both health professionals and people with diabetes may need help to see the importance and benefits of attendance
In a way, there is nothing new about these findings and recommendations. They have been made now in many, many publications, this is just the latest and a high profile one at that. What is striking is, in the UK at least, how little the principles of identification of individual needs and preferences reflecting the ‘one size does not fit all’ approach, seems to apply to providing a range of educational options for people and also helping health professionals get better at ‘selling’ the programmes within consultations and clinics
Recent monies have been allocated by NHS England to diabetes education – obviously this is welcome – but many projects to spend these ££ seem to focus on improving the number of places on programmes, rather than encouraging people to actually attend - closing the referral/attendance gap, as it were
Attention on attendance would appear absolutely vital if the money is to be well spent and reap benefits, yet this doesn’t appear to really be happening, except in some enlightened places that we are aware of, among them Bexley, Walsall and Bedford CCGs, who have taken a concerted and importantly, varied, approach to both the top barriers mentioned above and from previous research
Their interventions include using one-to-one programmes like the Diabetes Manual Programme and also approaching health professionals directly with ways they can quickly and simply (essential features!) provide encouragement that directly counters the known barriers to attendance. In Bedford, we recently helped to create a bespoke webinar for health professionals to participate in, either live or recorded, from the comfort of their desk or office. Early results from this ‘lots of sizes’ approach to dealing with the attendance conundrum in are showing both greater enthusiasm among health professionals and greater attendance among people with Type 2 diabetes, as a recent article in Healthcare Leader journal showed
SD is delighted to have played a part in providing the training and development of these innovations to help achieve these results, in these places, (and there are no doubt others around or upcoming),and providing resources to help encourage attendance, but there is still so much more to do and so much more effort to be made. There is a wide range of reasons that prevent people from attending education, and, in the same way the food recommendations have been made, these need to be systematically addressed with a similarly wide range of initiatives. One size doesn’t, and never will, fit all!
References:
Chatterjee, S et al (2018). Structured education programmes in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: a narrative review and current innovations. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 6(2) 130-142
Dyson, PA et al (2018). Diabetes UK evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 35, 541-547
Healthcare Leader News (online) How our CCG Secured £500k to Look After Patients with Diabetes’ 30 April, 2018
Successful Diabetes. How to Encourage Attendance at Diabetes Clinics and Education. Available from SD Downloads
Showing posts with label type 2 diabetes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label type 2 diabetes. Show all posts
Wednesday, 9 May 2018
Wednesday, 31 August 2016
UK Childhood Obesity Plan - A Bit Thin?
The UK Government has recently published its long-awaited Childhood Obesity Strategy. It’s unusual for a policy document because it’s very short and to the point. It explains concisely what is planned to be done to combat the very real health threat emerging from young people being overweight and obese – this puts them at risk of Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and many other conditions. It has even been said (although not in the strategy) that this generation of young people may even be at risk of dying before their parents, due to the health risks of overweight, obesity and inactivity. A very serious situation
The overall target stated in the strategy is to reduce ‘significantly’ the number of obese children by 2020. It doesn’t explicitly state what ‘significantly’ means in actual numbers, however it does say, close to the start of the strategy, that the publication of this ‘plan for action’ represents the beginning of a conversation, rather than the final word. This must mean that further details will follow
So, what does this ‘conversation opener’ include? A number of high profile plans, some of which have been the matter of discussion in the press for many months, namely:
A tax on soft, sugary drinks – due for legislation in February 2017. Interestingly, the policy seems to suggest this will not be paid by consumers, but by producers and importers;
A 20% reduction in the sugar content of the 9 highest consumed products by children – including yoghurt, cereal and sweet spreads. This is an initial list of products, more will apparently, follow later;
Helping all children have an hour of physical activity every day. This intention includes working with schools to identify key times of inactivity and work on making them more active. Schools will be responsible for providing at least 30 minutes of activity, parents and carers the other 30 minutes;
Other aims include focusing on healthy school meals, providing breakfast clubs and making the contents of vending machines healthier, thereby creating a healthy eating environment wherever young people are
So far, so good. These are all admirable plans and there is some degree of joined up working between, for example, schools, the Department of Health, Public Health and private companies, such as leisure centres. We wish these initiatives well, as every step definitely matters
However, we’re concerned about aspects that aren’t on the list – perhaps yet, we hope. Here’s our wish list for additions:
Something more than acknowledgement that eating behaviour arises not just from the amount and content of food provided, but from an emotional context, too. Children learn their eating habits from their early experiences, and food is often used as a surrogate for expressing emotions within families. Sadly, too, food can become a comfort for children who aren’t experiencing unconditional love and nurturing that plays an important part in shaping their view of themselves, others and the world. The strategy says nothing about the psychology of eating in young people who are overweight and obese, choosing instead to focus on equalizing the energy in/out balance to gain a healthy weight;
An emphasis on how young people can identify the link between their eating and their feelings and get help, both emotionally and physically. True, the NHS is mentioned, particularly the role of health visitors and school nurses in helping families to start good habits early. However, mention of skills training in dealing with ‘difficult conversations’ seems to be limited (perhaps to online courses?) and reviewing the content of existing materials, plus bigging up the ‘making every contact count’ initiative. NHS professionals are urged to ask families about eating behaviours at every opportunity, which could become counter productive if people feel ‘nagged’, or more importantly, if there is insufficient time, insight or skills to deal with the ‘difficult’ answers they might give;.
More focused, detailed training and a proper resource list of emotional and psychological support for eating behaviours – which could be for families as well as individual young people, not to mention health professionals themselves – would be very helpful. This could include mental health, eating disorder and young peoples’ charities, as well as statutory agencies;
Finally, what of the money that will be raised through the ‘soft drinks industry levy’ – known popularly as the ‘sugar tax’? Most of it seems to be committed to schools, with increase in the primary PE and sport premium and the investment in breakfast clubs. Could some of it be used for wider support as we have suggested? Schools are important, but not more important than families and emotional health for the future. Wider application of the finances raised is much needed. A further question is what happens when the money runs out? Is there a longer term plan to maintain these young peoples’ health throughout their lives?
Since schools are so much mentioned in the policies, and there is much to commend the efforts it describes, we’d offer the Government 7/10 so far….but wait expectantly to see if their plans for reducing weight will be fattened up
Reference
HM Government. Childhood Obesity: A Plan for Action. London 2016
The overall target stated in the strategy is to reduce ‘significantly’ the number of obese children by 2020. It doesn’t explicitly state what ‘significantly’ means in actual numbers, however it does say, close to the start of the strategy, that the publication of this ‘plan for action’ represents the beginning of a conversation, rather than the final word. This must mean that further details will follow
So, what does this ‘conversation opener’ include? A number of high profile plans, some of which have been the matter of discussion in the press for many months, namely:
A tax on soft, sugary drinks – due for legislation in February 2017. Interestingly, the policy seems to suggest this will not be paid by consumers, but by producers and importers;
A 20% reduction in the sugar content of the 9 highest consumed products by children – including yoghurt, cereal and sweet spreads. This is an initial list of products, more will apparently, follow later;
Helping all children have an hour of physical activity every day. This intention includes working with schools to identify key times of inactivity and work on making them more active. Schools will be responsible for providing at least 30 minutes of activity, parents and carers the other 30 minutes;
Other aims include focusing on healthy school meals, providing breakfast clubs and making the contents of vending machines healthier, thereby creating a healthy eating environment wherever young people are
So far, so good. These are all admirable plans and there is some degree of joined up working between, for example, schools, the Department of Health, Public Health and private companies, such as leisure centres. We wish these initiatives well, as every step definitely matters
However, we’re concerned about aspects that aren’t on the list – perhaps yet, we hope. Here’s our wish list for additions:
Something more than acknowledgement that eating behaviour arises not just from the amount and content of food provided, but from an emotional context, too. Children learn their eating habits from their early experiences, and food is often used as a surrogate for expressing emotions within families. Sadly, too, food can become a comfort for children who aren’t experiencing unconditional love and nurturing that plays an important part in shaping their view of themselves, others and the world. The strategy says nothing about the psychology of eating in young people who are overweight and obese, choosing instead to focus on equalizing the energy in/out balance to gain a healthy weight;
An emphasis on how young people can identify the link between their eating and their feelings and get help, both emotionally and physically. True, the NHS is mentioned, particularly the role of health visitors and school nurses in helping families to start good habits early. However, mention of skills training in dealing with ‘difficult conversations’ seems to be limited (perhaps to online courses?) and reviewing the content of existing materials, plus bigging up the ‘making every contact count’ initiative. NHS professionals are urged to ask families about eating behaviours at every opportunity, which could become counter productive if people feel ‘nagged’, or more importantly, if there is insufficient time, insight or skills to deal with the ‘difficult’ answers they might give;.
More focused, detailed training and a proper resource list of emotional and psychological support for eating behaviours – which could be for families as well as individual young people, not to mention health professionals themselves – would be very helpful. This could include mental health, eating disorder and young peoples’ charities, as well as statutory agencies;
Finally, what of the money that will be raised through the ‘soft drinks industry levy’ – known popularly as the ‘sugar tax’? Most of it seems to be committed to schools, with increase in the primary PE and sport premium and the investment in breakfast clubs. Could some of it be used for wider support as we have suggested? Schools are important, but not more important than families and emotional health for the future. Wider application of the finances raised is much needed. A further question is what happens when the money runs out? Is there a longer term plan to maintain these young peoples’ health throughout their lives?
Since schools are so much mentioned in the policies, and there is much to commend the efforts it describes, we’d offer the Government 7/10 so far….but wait expectantly to see if their plans for reducing weight will be fattened up
Reference
HM Government. Childhood Obesity: A Plan for Action. London 2016
UK Childhood Obesity Plan - A Bit Thin?
The UK Government has recently published its long-awaited Childhood Obesity Strategy. It’s unusual for a policy document because it’s very short and to the point. It explains concisely what is planned to be done to combat the very real health threat emerging from young people being overweight and obese – this puts them at risk of Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and many other conditions. It has even been said (although not in the strategy) that this generation of young people may even be at risk of dying before their parents, due to the health risks of overweight, obesity and inactivity. A very serious situation
The overall target stated in the strategy is to reduce ‘significantly’ the number of obese children by 2020. It doesn’t explicitly state what ‘significantly’ means in actual numbers, however it does say, close to the start of the strategy, that the publication of this ‘plan for action’ represents the beginning of a conversation, rather than the final word. This must mean that further details will follow
So, what does this ‘conversation opener’ include? A number of high profile plans, some of which have been the matter of discussion in the press for many months, namely:
A tax on soft, sugary drinks – due for legislation in February 2017. Interestingly, the policy seems to suggest this will not be paid by consumers, but by producers and importers;
A 20% reduction in the sugar content of the 9 highest consumed products by children – including yoghurt, cereal and sweet spreads. This is an initial list of products, more will apparently, follow later;
Helping all children have an hour of physical activity every day. This intention includes working with schools to identify key times of inactivity and work on making them more active. Schools will be responsible for providing at least 30 minutes of activity, parents and carers the other 30 minutes;
Other aims include focusing on healthy school meals, providing breakfast clubs and making the contents of vending machines healthier, thereby creating a healthy eating environment wherever young people are
So far, so good. These are all admirable plans and there is some degree of joined up working between, for example, schools, the Department of Health, Public Health and private companies, such as leisure centres. We wish these initiatives well, as every step definitely matters
However, we’re concerned about aspects that aren’t on the list – perhaps yet, we hope. Here’s our wish list for additions:
Something more than acknowledgement that eating behaviour arises not just from the amount and content of food provided, but from an emotional context, too. Children learn their eating habits from their early experiences, and food is often used as a surrogate for expressing emotions within families. Sadly, too, food can become a comfort for children who aren’t experiencing unconditional love and nurturing that plays an important part in shaping their view of themselves, others and the world. The strategy says nothing about the psychology of eating in young people who are overweight and obese, choosing instead to focus on equalizing the energy in/out balance to gain a healthy weight;
An emphasis on how young people can identify the link between their eating and their feelings and get help, both emotionally and physically. True, the NHS is mentioned, particularly the role of health visitors and school nurses in helping families to start good habits early. However, mention of skills training in dealing with ‘difficult conversations’ seems to be limited (perhaps to online courses?) and reviewing the content of existing materials, plus bigging up the ‘making every contact count’ initiative. NHS professionals are urged to ask families about eating behaviours at every opportunity, which could become counter productive if people feel ‘nagged’, or more importantly, if there is insufficient time, insight or skills to deal with the ‘difficult’ answers they might give;.
More focused, detailed training and a proper resource list of emotional and psychological support for eating behaviours – which could be for families as well as individual young people, not to mention health professionals themselves – would be very helpful. This could include mental health, eating disorder and young peoples’ charities, as well as statutory agencies;
Finally, what of the money that will be raised through the ‘soft drinks industry levy’ – known popularly as the ‘sugar tax’? Most of it seems to be committed to schools, with increase in the primary PE and sport premium and the investment in breakfast clubs. Could some of it be used for wider support as we have suggested? Schools are important, but not more important than families and emotional health for the future. Wider application of the finances raised is much needed. A further question is what happens when the money runs out? Is there a longer term plan to maintain these young peoples’ health throughout their lives?
Since schools are so much mentioned in the policies, and there is much to commend the efforts it describes, we’d offer the Government 7/10 so far….but wait expectantly to see if their plans for reducing weight will be fattened up
Reference
HM Government. Childhood Obesity: A Plan for Action. London 2016
The overall target stated in the strategy is to reduce ‘significantly’ the number of obese children by 2020. It doesn’t explicitly state what ‘significantly’ means in actual numbers, however it does say, close to the start of the strategy, that the publication of this ‘plan for action’ represents the beginning of a conversation, rather than the final word. This must mean that further details will follow
So, what does this ‘conversation opener’ include? A number of high profile plans, some of which have been the matter of discussion in the press for many months, namely:
A tax on soft, sugary drinks – due for legislation in February 2017. Interestingly, the policy seems to suggest this will not be paid by consumers, but by producers and importers;
A 20% reduction in the sugar content of the 9 highest consumed products by children – including yoghurt, cereal and sweet spreads. This is an initial list of products, more will apparently, follow later;
Helping all children have an hour of physical activity every day. This intention includes working with schools to identify key times of inactivity and work on making them more active. Schools will be responsible for providing at least 30 minutes of activity, parents and carers the other 30 minutes;
Other aims include focusing on healthy school meals, providing breakfast clubs and making the contents of vending machines healthier, thereby creating a healthy eating environment wherever young people are
So far, so good. These are all admirable plans and there is some degree of joined up working between, for example, schools, the Department of Health, Public Health and private companies, such as leisure centres. We wish these initiatives well, as every step definitely matters
However, we’re concerned about aspects that aren’t on the list – perhaps yet, we hope. Here’s our wish list for additions:
Something more than acknowledgement that eating behaviour arises not just from the amount and content of food provided, but from an emotional context, too. Children learn their eating habits from their early experiences, and food is often used as a surrogate for expressing emotions within families. Sadly, too, food can become a comfort for children who aren’t experiencing unconditional love and nurturing that plays an important part in shaping their view of themselves, others and the world. The strategy says nothing about the psychology of eating in young people who are overweight and obese, choosing instead to focus on equalizing the energy in/out balance to gain a healthy weight;
An emphasis on how young people can identify the link between their eating and their feelings and get help, both emotionally and physically. True, the NHS is mentioned, particularly the role of health visitors and school nurses in helping families to start good habits early. However, mention of skills training in dealing with ‘difficult conversations’ seems to be limited (perhaps to online courses?) and reviewing the content of existing materials, plus bigging up the ‘making every contact count’ initiative. NHS professionals are urged to ask families about eating behaviours at every opportunity, which could become counter productive if people feel ‘nagged’, or more importantly, if there is insufficient time, insight or skills to deal with the ‘difficult’ answers they might give;.
More focused, detailed training and a proper resource list of emotional and psychological support for eating behaviours – which could be for families as well as individual young people, not to mention health professionals themselves – would be very helpful. This could include mental health, eating disorder and young peoples’ charities, as well as statutory agencies;
Finally, what of the money that will be raised through the ‘soft drinks industry levy’ – known popularly as the ‘sugar tax’? Most of it seems to be committed to schools, with increase in the primary PE and sport premium and the investment in breakfast clubs. Could some of it be used for wider support as we have suggested? Schools are important, but not more important than families and emotional health for the future. Wider application of the finances raised is much needed. A further question is what happens when the money runs out? Is there a longer term plan to maintain these young peoples’ health throughout their lives?
Since schools are so much mentioned in the policies, and there is much to commend the efforts it describes, we’d offer the Government 7/10 so far….but wait expectantly to see if their plans for reducing weight will be fattened up
Reference
HM Government. Childhood Obesity: A Plan for Action. London 2016
Tuesday, 26 January 2016
Bring On The Diabetes Storm?
There’s been a flurry of diabetes-related reports, guidelines and activity in the last few weeks, kicked off with the release of the new NICE guidance for Type 2 diabetes at the start of December. Hotly debated in its draft stages, the guidance was delayed by the need to re-work some of the recommendations as a result
However eggy-faced this might have made the authors, the result is hugely improved and more importantly, will probably benefit people with Type 2 diabetes and professionals alike to a much greater degree
It’s not perfect by any means. Foremost in our minds here at SD, is the disastrously limited use for personal blood glucose monitoring, about which we have expressed concern before on this blog. However, the authors and guideline committee have clearly listened to their critics, and allowed a much greater freedom of choice, for example of which medication class to use as treatment intensifies. They’ve also very helpfully articulated exactly what education programmes should comprise and when these should be offered. And at least, the topic of self-blood glucose monitoring in Type 2 diabetes is recommended for more research. So, good – as far as it goes
Of course, no guideline is of any use at all unless it’s followed – so take a look at the full thing and see whether it applies to your life or work with Type 2, or check out our ’10 Guideline Headlines’ for an overview to whet your appetite.
Elsewhere, Diabetes UK reported recently that diabetes numbers are ever growing, and have now topped 4 million, with the majority having Type 2 diabetes and people with this form are becoming younger and younger at diagnosis. This knowledge is bittersweet – on the one hand it focuses the minds of policy makers and the NHS alike, but on the other, to world-weary, longstanding diabetes campaigners and organisations, it brings a huge temptation to shout ‘I told you so!’, as they recall so many other warning reports that this would in fact, come to pass, and feel sad that these warnings were not heeded
But we are where we are, and so the recent report of the Public Accounts Committee of the UK Government, concluding that diabetes is costing the nation far too much and there is far too much variance in the standards of care, shines a welcome light on what needs to be done urgently, albeit the cry of ‘again’ might be heard from some quarters
Just today, it’s been announced that the All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for Diabetes will be hosting an international diabetes conference in Parliament on 3rd February, with the aim of sharing best practice in diabetes and raising awreness. It’s open to attendance by people living and working with diabetes alike, providing a welcome chance for these groups to meet each other on common ground. That’s an opportunity not often seen, despite grand rhetoric about collaboration and partnership in care. Despite the short notice, this is likely to be a buzzing event and something new and different to herald what looks likely to be a landmark year for diabetes developments.
Judging by the way it’s started, there’s every reason to hope this new year diabetes flurry becomes a full-on storm! Bring it on
References
Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults
Type 2 Diabetes – Time to Test?”
SD Downloads
Number of People with Diabetes Reaches Over 4 Million
Diabetes: Government and NHS Too Slow to Act, say MPs
APPG to Host International Diabetes Conference in UK Parliament
However eggy-faced this might have made the authors, the result is hugely improved and more importantly, will probably benefit people with Type 2 diabetes and professionals alike to a much greater degree
It’s not perfect by any means. Foremost in our minds here at SD, is the disastrously limited use for personal blood glucose monitoring, about which we have expressed concern before on this blog. However, the authors and guideline committee have clearly listened to their critics, and allowed a much greater freedom of choice, for example of which medication class to use as treatment intensifies. They’ve also very helpfully articulated exactly what education programmes should comprise and when these should be offered. And at least, the topic of self-blood glucose monitoring in Type 2 diabetes is recommended for more research. So, good – as far as it goes
Of course, no guideline is of any use at all unless it’s followed – so take a look at the full thing and see whether it applies to your life or work with Type 2, or check out our ’10 Guideline Headlines’ for an overview to whet your appetite.
Elsewhere, Diabetes UK reported recently that diabetes numbers are ever growing, and have now topped 4 million, with the majority having Type 2 diabetes and people with this form are becoming younger and younger at diagnosis. This knowledge is bittersweet – on the one hand it focuses the minds of policy makers and the NHS alike, but on the other, to world-weary, longstanding diabetes campaigners and organisations, it brings a huge temptation to shout ‘I told you so!’, as they recall so many other warning reports that this would in fact, come to pass, and feel sad that these warnings were not heeded
But we are where we are, and so the recent report of the Public Accounts Committee of the UK Government, concluding that diabetes is costing the nation far too much and there is far too much variance in the standards of care, shines a welcome light on what needs to be done urgently, albeit the cry of ‘again’ might be heard from some quarters
Just today, it’s been announced that the All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for Diabetes will be hosting an international diabetes conference in Parliament on 3rd February, with the aim of sharing best practice in diabetes and raising awreness. It’s open to attendance by people living and working with diabetes alike, providing a welcome chance for these groups to meet each other on common ground. That’s an opportunity not often seen, despite grand rhetoric about collaboration and partnership in care. Despite the short notice, this is likely to be a buzzing event and something new and different to herald what looks likely to be a landmark year for diabetes developments.
Judging by the way it’s started, there’s every reason to hope this new year diabetes flurry becomes a full-on storm! Bring it on
References
Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults
Type 2 Diabetes – Time to Test?”
SD Downloads
Number of People with Diabetes Reaches Over 4 Million
Diabetes: Government and NHS Too Slow to Act, say MPs
APPG to Host International Diabetes Conference in UK Parliament
Wednesday, 29 July 2015
Type 2 - Time to Test?
Self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)for people with Type 2 is currently restricted, in both local and national recommendations, to those in all but very specific circumstances. We believe this is, at best, unfair and at worst, in complete contravention of current health policies which promote self-responsibility for health, self-management of long term conditions and individualised approaches to care. We believe that all people with Type 2 diabetes should be given the opportunity for SMBG. Here's why:
Type 2 diabetes is a progressive, serious condition which requires for many, considerable lifestyle changes if its dire consequences are to be avoided or detected promptly. For everyone, success in managing their condition depends on daily medication, physical activity, attention to timings, amounts and content of food and drink. Also required is effective and prompt action in the face of stress, illness, driving, holidays, work and social life, short-notice schedule changes, family responsibilities and more. In short, every aspect of daily life.
If people with Type 2 diabetes are to take their condition seriously by doing all this, as many in healthcare say they should, then they need the only practical tool available to them to help, namely SMBG.
1. But this is expensive, say health economists and budget holders: to which we say - but losing 20 years of your life to uncontrolled diabetes is also expensive, as is heart failure, amputation, kidney dialysis and blindness, which are among the most costly and avoidable consequences of not self-monitoring.
2. But people don't know how to use SMBG properly, say health professionals: to which we say - that's your fault for not explaining how it needs to be used and how serious a condition Type 2 diabetes is, and the need for rigorous self management, right from the start.
3. But there's no evidence it improves diabetes control or HbA1c, say researchers and medics: to which we say - most people with Type 2 diabetes aren't solely interested in their HbA1c, indeed many don't even know what this level is. What they are interested in is their everyday life and making this as hassle-free as possible, avoiding hypos and high blood glucose levels which can be inconvenient, embarrassing and even dangerous (e.g. when driving, as most people do). They also wish to see for themselves the positive effects of their strenuous efforts to make lifestyle changes and the choices they make daily, not wait 3 months for the health professional to order a repeat HbA1c.
If we are truly committed to a population of people with Type 2 diabetes effectively self-managing, they must have the tools to do this vital, cost-effective job. It's time to get people with Type 2 testing - or at least give them the choice.
Type 2 diabetes is a progressive, serious condition which requires for many, considerable lifestyle changes if its dire consequences are to be avoided or detected promptly. For everyone, success in managing their condition depends on daily medication, physical activity, attention to timings, amounts and content of food and drink. Also required is effective and prompt action in the face of stress, illness, driving, holidays, work and social life, short-notice schedule changes, family responsibilities and more. In short, every aspect of daily life.
If people with Type 2 diabetes are to take their condition seriously by doing all this, as many in healthcare say they should, then they need the only practical tool available to them to help, namely SMBG.
1. But this is expensive, say health economists and budget holders: to which we say - but losing 20 years of your life to uncontrolled diabetes is also expensive, as is heart failure, amputation, kidney dialysis and blindness, which are among the most costly and avoidable consequences of not self-monitoring.
2. But people don't know how to use SMBG properly, say health professionals: to which we say - that's your fault for not explaining how it needs to be used and how serious a condition Type 2 diabetes is, and the need for rigorous self management, right from the start.
3. But there's no evidence it improves diabetes control or HbA1c, say researchers and medics: to which we say - most people with Type 2 diabetes aren't solely interested in their HbA1c, indeed many don't even know what this level is. What they are interested in is their everyday life and making this as hassle-free as possible, avoiding hypos and high blood glucose levels which can be inconvenient, embarrassing and even dangerous (e.g. when driving, as most people do). They also wish to see for themselves the positive effects of their strenuous efforts to make lifestyle changes and the choices they make daily, not wait 3 months for the health professional to order a repeat HbA1c.
If we are truly committed to a population of people with Type 2 diabetes effectively self-managing, they must have the tools to do this vital, cost-effective job. It's time to get people with Type 2 testing - or at least give them the choice.
Monday, 30 March 2015
Is coming 4th out of 10 good enough for diabetes?
Late last week, NHS England published its business plan for 2015/16. It includes 10 priorities, of which ‘tackling obesity and preventing diabetes’ comes 4th, after improving, upgrading and transforming care for, respectively, cancer treatment, mental health & dementia and learning disabilities. It’s ahead, in the list of priorities, of urgent and emergency care, primary care, elective care, specialized care, whole systems care and foundations for improvement.
Of course, the list isn’t really about priorities of decreasing importance, all of these issues are of equal importance and will, we hope, receive equal attention, not to mention equal share of the some £2bn budget. Having a list of 10 makes it easier for people, including presumably NHS England staff and politicians themselves, to read and remember. It’s unarguable that all these issues need to be acted upon and also that system change is badly needed to address the early 21st century health ‘state of the art’. On that note, the business plan is to be welcomed and being 4th doesn’t mean losing out.
The targets for ‘tackling obesity and preventing diabetes', focuses on Type 2 diabetes (a detail unfortunately left out of the title) are ambitious for a year’s work. By March 2016, a prevention programme will be ‘available’ for 10,000 people at risk of Type 2 diabetes. NHS England will be working with Diabetes UK and Public Health England to develop the programme and roll it out, partly via the NHS Health Checks system. The plans are to ‘enroll’ people identified onto a lifestyle management programme to address their ‘smoking, alcohol intake, nutrition and physical activity’. The latter also applies to plans in priority 4 to also encourage these factors to be addressed by NHS staff themselves. It’s not clear if the latter will be among the 10,000 initial 'enrollees' or if there is to be a separate programme for healthcare staff.
While the forthcoming programme sounds admirable, we have a concern, based on the old saying ‘you can take a horse to water, but you cannot make it drink’. That is, it is one thing to ‘refer’ or ‘enroll’ people onto a lifestyle programme, but quite another to ensure attendance or participation. These the only things that are likely to make a difference to the health of the 10,000 souls to be identified. So, in the spirit of ‘4s’, we hope that the prevention programme in development includes this ‘top 4’ of evidence-based, vital components for success in encouraging lifestyle change:
1. ‘Invite’, ‘encourage’ or ‘welcome’ people to take part, rather than ‘refer', ‘enroll’, ‘send’ or any other paternalistic term that removes any suggestion of free choice
2. Focus on success and the future in interactive and participatory, enjoyable activities
3. Scrutinise the programme for, and remove any evidence of, judgement, tellings off, compliance-orientation, school or classroom-like environments
4. Prize autonomy, choice and personal decision-making
As we have said before, we wish this programme well and sincerely hope that this time next year, despite the election and our reservations, our blog will be trumpeting the success and ongoing delivery of type 2 diabetes prevention.
Reference
NHS England Business Plan
Of course, the list isn’t really about priorities of decreasing importance, all of these issues are of equal importance and will, we hope, receive equal attention, not to mention equal share of the some £2bn budget. Having a list of 10 makes it easier for people, including presumably NHS England staff and politicians themselves, to read and remember. It’s unarguable that all these issues need to be acted upon and also that system change is badly needed to address the early 21st century health ‘state of the art’. On that note, the business plan is to be welcomed and being 4th doesn’t mean losing out.
The targets for ‘tackling obesity and preventing diabetes', focuses on Type 2 diabetes (a detail unfortunately left out of the title) are ambitious for a year’s work. By March 2016, a prevention programme will be ‘available’ for 10,000 people at risk of Type 2 diabetes. NHS England will be working with Diabetes UK and Public Health England to develop the programme and roll it out, partly via the NHS Health Checks system. The plans are to ‘enroll’ people identified onto a lifestyle management programme to address their ‘smoking, alcohol intake, nutrition and physical activity’. The latter also applies to plans in priority 4 to also encourage these factors to be addressed by NHS staff themselves. It’s not clear if the latter will be among the 10,000 initial 'enrollees' or if there is to be a separate programme for healthcare staff.
While the forthcoming programme sounds admirable, we have a concern, based on the old saying ‘you can take a horse to water, but you cannot make it drink’. That is, it is one thing to ‘refer’ or ‘enroll’ people onto a lifestyle programme, but quite another to ensure attendance or participation. These the only things that are likely to make a difference to the health of the 10,000 souls to be identified. So, in the spirit of ‘4s’, we hope that the prevention programme in development includes this ‘top 4’ of evidence-based, vital components for success in encouraging lifestyle change:
1. ‘Invite’, ‘encourage’ or ‘welcome’ people to take part, rather than ‘refer', ‘enroll’, ‘send’ or any other paternalistic term that removes any suggestion of free choice
2. Focus on success and the future in interactive and participatory, enjoyable activities
3. Scrutinise the programme for, and remove any evidence of, judgement, tellings off, compliance-orientation, school or classroom-like environments
4. Prize autonomy, choice and personal decision-making
As we have said before, we wish this programme well and sincerely hope that this time next year, despite the election and our reservations, our blog will be trumpeting the success and ongoing delivery of type 2 diabetes prevention.
Reference
NHS England Business Plan
Wednesday, 21 January 2015
Designer Diets - or Common Sense?
The recent BBC series investigating personalised diets made fascinating watching and seemed like very good science. People were tested for the type of eater they were and then asked to follow a diet that addressed their particular type. Briefly, the three types of eater were ‘emotional’, ‘constant craver’ and ‘feaster’. The people involved in the experiment seemed more than happy to accept their ‘diagnosis’ and all of them successfully lost weight.
More than that, there seemed to be a palpable sense of relief among the participants that there was a ‘real’ cause for them being overweight. For example, in the case of the ‘feaster’ group, there was an actual hormonal inbalance, which was demonstrated to be corrected with the recommended eating programme. For ‘constant cravers’, their genes played a large role, and ‘emotional eaters’ often had experienced loss or deprivation or developed particular meanings for food, that eating or ‘comfort eating’ helped them to deal with. For us, this was a real highlight. So often, being overweight or trying to lose weight is fraught with other peoples’ judgment, criticism or ‘quick fix’ answers, which can add to an already present sense of failure and self-blame and makes shedding the pounds much harder to achieve.
We don’t know if there was anyone with diabetes in the study – probably not, as those with existing medical conditions may well have been excluded for valid research reasons – but it occurred to us that the recommendations for each of the groups would be equally safe, even ‘generalisable', for anyone wishing to lose weight, whether to enhance their diabetes management or to prevent getting Type 2 diabetes, regardless of what type of eater they are.
This is where the ‘common sense’ bit comes in. All the diets and tips recommended in the programme are not the proverbial ‘rocket science’, but well known and tried and tested ways to lose weight, which have already worked for millions of people, regardless of their ‘eating type’.
You can take the BBC online test on the programme website to identify your eating type and read more about the whole project. However, it’s completely possible, as in our case when we took the test, that you don’t fit exactly into any category. Maybe, there is also a ‘mixed eater type’ group, where you recognise elements of each eating type in yourself, perhaps at different times in your life?
In this case, there may be a danger that the success of this programme and its findings that there may be a ‘designer diet’, might have the opposite effect and put those of us in the possible mixed category above, off dieting altogether, perhaps by creating a response such as ‘there’s no diet that will help me lose weight, so it’s not going to happen and so I might as well not bother trying’?
The truth is, that if you aren’t able to, or don’t want to, know which type of eater you are, but you do still want to lose weight, you may well benefit from the plans put forward for all of groups. So, while we celebrate the success of this new way of looking at losing weight and look forward to its follow-on findings, there’s also the equally massive message - don’t let not knowing your ‘eating type’, or not belonging to a particular designer group, put you off!
We’ve set out the principles that were recommended for the groups and in general below, so you can take your pick and give them all a try if you want, to see what combination works for you. There will be one!
For added motivation and inspiration, you might find our booklets ‘Tips for a Lively 2015’ and ‘How to Make your Healthy Living Wishes a Reality’ both useful and inspiring. They are completely free and available to download from our website now!
Principles for successful losing weight (brackets show the particular group a principle might help most)
• Always eat breakfast – can reduce cravings later in the day
• Eat slowly – helps your body tell your brain when you are full, via hormones (Feasters)
• Eat high glycaemic index foods – again helps to feel full for longer (Feasters and Constant Cravers)
• Get support from others – online, face to face or in groups (Emotional Eaters)
• Gain insight into what food and eating means for you and how you behave around food, including professional help if you need it (Emotional Eaters)
• Eat soup – helps to feel fuller - and very comforting!
• Try Intermittent Fasting – minimum 600 and maximum of 800 calories on each of 2 consecutive days a week and eating normally, but healthily as possible, for the rest of the week – stops you feeling ‘deprived’ of food (Constant Cravers)
Wishing you success in your dieting plans, whatever they involve!
More than that, there seemed to be a palpable sense of relief among the participants that there was a ‘real’ cause for them being overweight. For example, in the case of the ‘feaster’ group, there was an actual hormonal inbalance, which was demonstrated to be corrected with the recommended eating programme. For ‘constant cravers’, their genes played a large role, and ‘emotional eaters’ often had experienced loss or deprivation or developed particular meanings for food, that eating or ‘comfort eating’ helped them to deal with. For us, this was a real highlight. So often, being overweight or trying to lose weight is fraught with other peoples’ judgment, criticism or ‘quick fix’ answers, which can add to an already present sense of failure and self-blame and makes shedding the pounds much harder to achieve.
We don’t know if there was anyone with diabetes in the study – probably not, as those with existing medical conditions may well have been excluded for valid research reasons – but it occurred to us that the recommendations for each of the groups would be equally safe, even ‘generalisable', for anyone wishing to lose weight, whether to enhance their diabetes management or to prevent getting Type 2 diabetes, regardless of what type of eater they are.
This is where the ‘common sense’ bit comes in. All the diets and tips recommended in the programme are not the proverbial ‘rocket science’, but well known and tried and tested ways to lose weight, which have already worked for millions of people, regardless of their ‘eating type’.
You can take the BBC online test on the programme website to identify your eating type and read more about the whole project. However, it’s completely possible, as in our case when we took the test, that you don’t fit exactly into any category. Maybe, there is also a ‘mixed eater type’ group, where you recognise elements of each eating type in yourself, perhaps at different times in your life?
In this case, there may be a danger that the success of this programme and its findings that there may be a ‘designer diet’, might have the opposite effect and put those of us in the possible mixed category above, off dieting altogether, perhaps by creating a response such as ‘there’s no diet that will help me lose weight, so it’s not going to happen and so I might as well not bother trying’?
The truth is, that if you aren’t able to, or don’t want to, know which type of eater you are, but you do still want to lose weight, you may well benefit from the plans put forward for all of groups. So, while we celebrate the success of this new way of looking at losing weight and look forward to its follow-on findings, there’s also the equally massive message - don’t let not knowing your ‘eating type’, or not belonging to a particular designer group, put you off!
We’ve set out the principles that were recommended for the groups and in general below, so you can take your pick and give them all a try if you want, to see what combination works for you. There will be one!
For added motivation and inspiration, you might find our booklets ‘Tips for a Lively 2015’ and ‘How to Make your Healthy Living Wishes a Reality’ both useful and inspiring. They are completely free and available to download from our website now!
Principles for successful losing weight (brackets show the particular group a principle might help most)
• Always eat breakfast – can reduce cravings later in the day
• Eat slowly – helps your body tell your brain when you are full, via hormones (Feasters)
• Eat high glycaemic index foods – again helps to feel full for longer (Feasters and Constant Cravers)
• Get support from others – online, face to face or in groups (Emotional Eaters)
• Gain insight into what food and eating means for you and how you behave around food, including professional help if you need it (Emotional Eaters)
• Eat soup – helps to feel fuller - and very comforting!
• Try Intermittent Fasting – minimum 600 and maximum of 800 calories on each of 2 consecutive days a week and eating normally, but healthily as possible, for the rest of the week – stops you feeling ‘deprived’ of food (Constant Cravers)
Wishing you success in your dieting plans, whatever they involve!
Tuesday, 30 September 2014
Is this the best use of £140 million?
Up and down the country of England, GP practices have been scrambling towards a deadline of today and are completely distracted by it.
This is the date by which many practices have to compile a register of a minimum of 2% of adults on their books who are at risk of an unplanned hospital admission by virtue of their previous history of emergency admissions, long term condition, age or frailty. The practices concerned are those who have signed up to a particular ‘enhanced service’ or ES – basically extra payments for particular activities, offered by NHS England, the body in control of delivering health policy in England.
The idea of the register is to identify and put in place a care plan, agreed with the person and any other relevant people involved in their care, for example, family carers or professionals such a social workers or mental health workers. The care plan aims to identify and share with everyone concerned, how a potential emergency admission to hospital could be avoided and then activate it when necessary.
For the register and associated actions specified in the ES, practices will be paid around £3 per head of their practice population, resulting in a typical total payment of around £20,000. This money is much needed, say the GPs who have signed up to the ES (it is not obligatory), whatever they need to do to receive it. And there are a lot of activities associated with receiving payment for this ES. If you want to read more, all the details are in the published specification. The total funding for this ES across England is £140 million. It was announced in the Spring and was initially to last for one year. However, it has been announced today that it will continue for a further year.
You may be wondering why we are discussing such an initiative, which might not at first glance have anything to do with SD’s speciality – helping people live and work with diabetes successfully. However, there is a link and it is the following:
The majority of people with diabetes and other long term conditions are not among the 2% of adults in a practice covered by this ES. They can easily take steps now to avoid becoming vulnerable to unplanned admissions in later years, as long as they are given the ‘tools to do the job’.
These tools are: knowledge and confidence to take appropriate actions, along with the opportunity to constantly participate and collaborate in decisions about their condition. Many of these skills are developed and reinforced in structured education programmes for diabetes – for example X-PERT, DESMOND and The Diabetes Manual Programme for Type 2 diabetes and BERTIE and DAFNE for Type 1 diabetes, to mention just a few nationally available programmes. The same body who has announced the ES, NHS England, has recommended that everyone with diabetes receives an education programme to actively help them learn to live with it.
The problem is that these education programmes are not available to all people diagnosed with diabetes, and even where they are technically available, the numbers of people being offered, or taking up the offer of a place, are vanishingly small. We have covered this, at worst completely iniquitous, and at best rather ridiculous, situation in previous blog postings.
Successive annual reports have shown that less than 15% of people with diabetes overall, are either offered or take up a place. Even among the areas with the best uptake, the highest number of people being referred for or uptaking education is just under 60%.
We believe that whilst it remains to be seen whether the avoiding unplanned admissions ES discussed above will really make a difference to numbers of admissions, diabetes structured education has been shown over and over again to provide people with the confidence and skills to look after their own condition and take avoiding actions themselves, without recourse even to their health professionals. And yet the money can be found for the former, but not the latter.
So the question arises in our mind: ‘why is a sum such as £140 million not also being offered to General Practices to incentivise them to provide proper, formalised diabetes education?’ The programmes are there, they are not expensive (compared in particular to a single hospital admission), they have been shown to work, and yet they are not being used.
In our view, it’s time there was an Enhanced Service for Diabetes Education – or whatever title suits – that is, a system which specifically rewards GPs for providing diabetes education. While the present situation exists, millions of people are being failed every day by the NHS which has vowed to look after them as much as the 2% of people in each practice covered by the unplanned admissions ES.
Successful Diabetes completely supports the provision of Structured Diabetes education in the NHS for all people with diabetes as recommended. We will continue to call for it ourselves, as we have in previous posts here and in many other activities. We will also continue to support other organisations’ efforts, as well as encouraging people with diabetes to lobby their local health providers to invest in their future health by commissioning education programmes.
However, while we wait – and wait – for money to be put where guidelines are, we will soon be offering something practical in addition.
From November 14th this year (World Diabetes Day), we will be launching the Diabetes Manual Programme as ‘Diabetes Manual Complete’, a one to one, supported education programme, which is available directly to people with Type 2 diabetes who wish to purchase a programme for themselves (much as they might any other form of healthcare such as a private operation or GP consultation or prescription).
‘Diabetes Manual Complete’ fulfills all the current recommendations for a structured education programme in the NHS and is provided by diabetes and education specialists. More information about it is available now by request from SD, and will be published publicly from the launch date. People will be able to help themselves to quality, specialist education, with no referral, no waiting times and no extra appointments.
We are excited to spearhead this unique development in diabetes education, but sad that it is necessary. The Diabetes Manual Programme is available now for the NHS to commission for local people with Type 2 diabetes, and has been for many years. To date, not one local organisation has seen fit to comprehensively commission this cost-effective programme to people with Type 2 diabetes. As we have said, other programmes, such as group-based education, are also not purchased in enough quantities to meet the need.
By making ‘Diabetes Manual Complete’ available, we can help people to help themselves to the quality and expert education that they deserve and are entitled to, but are not likely to get anytime soon, partly because the NHS is ‘looking the other way’ with short- term measures like the unplanned admissions ES, and partly because commissioners and managers have not yet grasped the vital importance and long term impact of 100% coverage of diabetes structured education. As the saying goes ‘desperate situations require desperate measures’. This may be desperate but it will be effective, and in a good way, too.
References
NHS England Proactive Care Programme for Unplanned Admissions
Structured Education for People with Diabetes – A Box Waiting to be Ticked?
Contact us about Diabetes Manual Complete
This is the date by which many practices have to compile a register of a minimum of 2% of adults on their books who are at risk of an unplanned hospital admission by virtue of their previous history of emergency admissions, long term condition, age or frailty. The practices concerned are those who have signed up to a particular ‘enhanced service’ or ES – basically extra payments for particular activities, offered by NHS England, the body in control of delivering health policy in England.
The idea of the register is to identify and put in place a care plan, agreed with the person and any other relevant people involved in their care, for example, family carers or professionals such a social workers or mental health workers. The care plan aims to identify and share with everyone concerned, how a potential emergency admission to hospital could be avoided and then activate it when necessary.
For the register and associated actions specified in the ES, practices will be paid around £3 per head of their practice population, resulting in a typical total payment of around £20,000. This money is much needed, say the GPs who have signed up to the ES (it is not obligatory), whatever they need to do to receive it. And there are a lot of activities associated with receiving payment for this ES. If you want to read more, all the details are in the published specification. The total funding for this ES across England is £140 million. It was announced in the Spring and was initially to last for one year. However, it has been announced today that it will continue for a further year.
You may be wondering why we are discussing such an initiative, which might not at first glance have anything to do with SD’s speciality – helping people live and work with diabetes successfully. However, there is a link and it is the following:
The majority of people with diabetes and other long term conditions are not among the 2% of adults in a practice covered by this ES. They can easily take steps now to avoid becoming vulnerable to unplanned admissions in later years, as long as they are given the ‘tools to do the job’.
These tools are: knowledge and confidence to take appropriate actions, along with the opportunity to constantly participate and collaborate in decisions about their condition. Many of these skills are developed and reinforced in structured education programmes for diabetes – for example X-PERT, DESMOND and The Diabetes Manual Programme for Type 2 diabetes and BERTIE and DAFNE for Type 1 diabetes, to mention just a few nationally available programmes. The same body who has announced the ES, NHS England, has recommended that everyone with diabetes receives an education programme to actively help them learn to live with it.
The problem is that these education programmes are not available to all people diagnosed with diabetes, and even where they are technically available, the numbers of people being offered, or taking up the offer of a place, are vanishingly small. We have covered this, at worst completely iniquitous, and at best rather ridiculous, situation in previous blog postings.
Successive annual reports have shown that less than 15% of people with diabetes overall, are either offered or take up a place. Even among the areas with the best uptake, the highest number of people being referred for or uptaking education is just under 60%.
We believe that whilst it remains to be seen whether the avoiding unplanned admissions ES discussed above will really make a difference to numbers of admissions, diabetes structured education has been shown over and over again to provide people with the confidence and skills to look after their own condition and take avoiding actions themselves, without recourse even to their health professionals. And yet the money can be found for the former, but not the latter.
So the question arises in our mind: ‘why is a sum such as £140 million not also being offered to General Practices to incentivise them to provide proper, formalised diabetes education?’ The programmes are there, they are not expensive (compared in particular to a single hospital admission), they have been shown to work, and yet they are not being used.
In our view, it’s time there was an Enhanced Service for Diabetes Education – or whatever title suits – that is, a system which specifically rewards GPs for providing diabetes education. While the present situation exists, millions of people are being failed every day by the NHS which has vowed to look after them as much as the 2% of people in each practice covered by the unplanned admissions ES.
Successful Diabetes completely supports the provision of Structured Diabetes education in the NHS for all people with diabetes as recommended. We will continue to call for it ourselves, as we have in previous posts here and in many other activities. We will also continue to support other organisations’ efforts, as well as encouraging people with diabetes to lobby their local health providers to invest in their future health by commissioning education programmes.
However, while we wait – and wait – for money to be put where guidelines are, we will soon be offering something practical in addition.
From November 14th this year (World Diabetes Day), we will be launching the Diabetes Manual Programme as ‘Diabetes Manual Complete’, a one to one, supported education programme, which is available directly to people with Type 2 diabetes who wish to purchase a programme for themselves (much as they might any other form of healthcare such as a private operation or GP consultation or prescription).
‘Diabetes Manual Complete’ fulfills all the current recommendations for a structured education programme in the NHS and is provided by diabetes and education specialists. More information about it is available now by request from SD, and will be published publicly from the launch date. People will be able to help themselves to quality, specialist education, with no referral, no waiting times and no extra appointments.
We are excited to spearhead this unique development in diabetes education, but sad that it is necessary. The Diabetes Manual Programme is available now for the NHS to commission for local people with Type 2 diabetes, and has been for many years. To date, not one local organisation has seen fit to comprehensively commission this cost-effective programme to people with Type 2 diabetes. As we have said, other programmes, such as group-based education, are also not purchased in enough quantities to meet the need.
By making ‘Diabetes Manual Complete’ available, we can help people to help themselves to the quality and expert education that they deserve and are entitled to, but are not likely to get anytime soon, partly because the NHS is ‘looking the other way’ with short- term measures like the unplanned admissions ES, and partly because commissioners and managers have not yet grasped the vital importance and long term impact of 100% coverage of diabetes structured education. As the saying goes ‘desperate situations require desperate measures’. This may be desperate but it will be effective, and in a good way, too.
References
NHS England Proactive Care Programme for Unplanned Admissions
Structured Education for People with Diabetes – A Box Waiting to be Ticked?
Contact us about Diabetes Manual Complete
Wednesday, 17 July 2013
Could Walking be the Great Cure-All?
It’s wonderful to hear about all the medical and technological developments in diabetes care. Recently for example, there has been the prospect of a once a day injection for type 1 diabetes and continuous blood glucose monitoring systems being made more widely available. In healthcare generally, more and more scientific developments are reported daily, which is fantastic news.
However, it takes time and specialist expertise, not to mention money, for these experiments and research to become everyday realities and while we wait, we have to do something to look after ourselves. It struck me, reading through recent health reports, that one of the main ways we can do this is cheap, extremely close to home and doesn’t require any technology or expertise at all – yes, I’m talking about the humble walk. Well, I say ‘humble’, but looking at all the benefits, I’m not sure that all of us who use it regularly shouldn’t qualify for something at least like a Nobel Prize!
For example, walking can help prevent type 2 diabetes altogether. It’s recommended as one of the main interventions in guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for preventing type 2 diabetes, both in the general population and among those at high risk. 30 minutes of walking of moderate intensity on 5 or more days a week is the minimum recommendation.
Most people living or working with diabetes know, through book learning or, sadly, bitter experience, that ‘diabetes rarely comes to the party alone, it brings all its friends’ as one lady with diabetes memorably described the risk or presence of diabetes related conditions such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Research shows that these too can be helped by walking regularly.
An increased risk when you have diabetes or other long term conditions, and sometimes even a precurser to having diabetes, is depression. Yes, there is evidence too of walking being beneficial in treating depression and even preventing it. Its mood-enhancing properties are frequently mentioned in research. In addition, when used as a social activity, walking can also be a way to combat loneliness after retirement, divorce or in older age.
Bringing together some scientific research and the benefits of activity is a recent report about the discovery of how genes can make a person biologically programmed to eat more. This is because a high risk version of a gene called FTO prevents a hunger hormone called ghrelin from falling after eating. One answer to this is to suppress ghrelin and tried and tested methods include eating protein rich meals and cycling. If cycling can work, why not walking? My guess is that it is only a matter of time for walking to be added to this list of weight gain preventive treatments in this group of people. Given that they will also be at risk of type 2 diabetes, through its link with obesity, it’s yet an other potential tick in the box of ‘benefits of walking’.
There are of course many people who for one reason or another cannot walk or walk well enough to take up even minimum guidelines. But even for you, there is good news. Walking is highly recommended as a form of activity, as we have seen, but it’s not the only one. Anything that makes you move more is helpful to health, says NICE, and the more times you move, in whatever way, is even better. So armchair movement including just your upper or lower body makes a difference. Passive or active, movement works.
So, we have the technology, in our very bodies, here and now, in any weather and at no cost, to make ourselves healthier both physically and mentally. It’s not often we can say that. Given that we should all be doing more of it, as our contribution towards this, we’ve recently added our booklet ‘SD Tips for a Lively 2013’ to our website download section, you’ll find the link to it just below. Help yourself to a copy and see if all this evidence works for you!
SD Tips for a Lively 2013! Quick, Easy and Fun Ways to Move About More.
References
BBC News. Fat boosting gene mystery ‘solved’. 15 July 2013
BBC News. Guide shows Borders walk benefits 25 June 2013
BBC News. Why retiring can be bad for your health. 16 May 2013
BBC News. Walking could be a useful took in treating depression. 14 April 2012
NICE. Preventing Type 2 diabetes – population and community interventions. May 2011
However, it takes time and specialist expertise, not to mention money, for these experiments and research to become everyday realities and while we wait, we have to do something to look after ourselves. It struck me, reading through recent health reports, that one of the main ways we can do this is cheap, extremely close to home and doesn’t require any technology or expertise at all – yes, I’m talking about the humble walk. Well, I say ‘humble’, but looking at all the benefits, I’m not sure that all of us who use it regularly shouldn’t qualify for something at least like a Nobel Prize!
For example, walking can help prevent type 2 diabetes altogether. It’s recommended as one of the main interventions in guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for preventing type 2 diabetes, both in the general population and among those at high risk. 30 minutes of walking of moderate intensity on 5 or more days a week is the minimum recommendation.
Most people living or working with diabetes know, through book learning or, sadly, bitter experience, that ‘diabetes rarely comes to the party alone, it brings all its friends’ as one lady with diabetes memorably described the risk or presence of diabetes related conditions such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Research shows that these too can be helped by walking regularly.
An increased risk when you have diabetes or other long term conditions, and sometimes even a precurser to having diabetes, is depression. Yes, there is evidence too of walking being beneficial in treating depression and even preventing it. Its mood-enhancing properties are frequently mentioned in research. In addition, when used as a social activity, walking can also be a way to combat loneliness after retirement, divorce or in older age.
Bringing together some scientific research and the benefits of activity is a recent report about the discovery of how genes can make a person biologically programmed to eat more. This is because a high risk version of a gene called FTO prevents a hunger hormone called ghrelin from falling after eating. One answer to this is to suppress ghrelin and tried and tested methods include eating protein rich meals and cycling. If cycling can work, why not walking? My guess is that it is only a matter of time for walking to be added to this list of weight gain preventive treatments in this group of people. Given that they will also be at risk of type 2 diabetes, through its link with obesity, it’s yet an other potential tick in the box of ‘benefits of walking’.
There are of course many people who for one reason or another cannot walk or walk well enough to take up even minimum guidelines. But even for you, there is good news. Walking is highly recommended as a form of activity, as we have seen, but it’s not the only one. Anything that makes you move more is helpful to health, says NICE, and the more times you move, in whatever way, is even better. So armchair movement including just your upper or lower body makes a difference. Passive or active, movement works.
So, we have the technology, in our very bodies, here and now, in any weather and at no cost, to make ourselves healthier both physically and mentally. It’s not often we can say that. Given that we should all be doing more of it, as our contribution towards this, we’ve recently added our booklet ‘SD Tips for a Lively 2013’ to our website download section, you’ll find the link to it just below. Help yourself to a copy and see if all this evidence works for you!
SD Tips for a Lively 2013! Quick, Easy and Fun Ways to Move About More.
References
BBC News. Fat boosting gene mystery ‘solved’. 15 July 2013
BBC News. Guide shows Borders walk benefits 25 June 2013
BBC News. Why retiring can be bad for your health. 16 May 2013
BBC News. Walking could be a useful took in treating depression. 14 April 2012
NICE. Preventing Type 2 diabetes – population and community interventions. May 2011
Friday, 31 May 2013
Help with Hurdling: Getting over the Barriers to Self Management
A recent review article in the journal 'Diabetic Medicine' described in detail the kind of barriers that get in the way of people with diabetes from being able to successfully self manage their condition, that is, taking the actions that are likely to promote and maintain health, such as measuring blood glucose, taking and adjusting medication, looking after feet, eating healthily being physically active and taking steps to prevent or deal promptly with hypoglycaemia and high blood glucose levels.
While a review article doesn’t aim to make recommendations for changes in practice, in describing the evidence for each of the barriers, it does reveal what is effective or less effective. This is helpful because, ideally, it gives the chance for diabetes services and health professionals to use the evidence base to implement effective strategies for promoting and supporting self management and ‘lose’ the less effective ones.
Unfortunately this is not always what happens. Translating knowledge into action in relation to living with diabetes is in fact cited as one of the barriers. For example, the knowledge that persistent high blood glucose levels can lead to long term complications does not lead most people to keep their blood glucose levels within recommended ranges all the time. And it is exactly the same with health professionals – the knowledge that telling people what to do, advice giving and ‘warnings’ about complications is not effective in helping people manage their diabetes, does not stop them doing it regularly. There are other factors involved in effectively taking action and some of these are illuminated in this review article.
In keeping with previous blogs, I would like to suggest that in the evidence for effectiveness cited for each of the factors, there are as many messages for people working with diabetes as there are for those living with it, and reflecting and taking action on these could potentially help us all to feel more successful and satisfied in our efforts.
So, to make it easier than reading the whole paper in a lofty journal – who has time for that?! - here’s an SD 'key points' guide for both health professionals AND people with diabetes, along with some of the strategies that really work to promote and prize self management of diabetes, based on the evidence in this review. Think of it as your ‘hurdling guide’ - ideas for getting over the barriers when they arise!
‘Your SD Hurdling Guide’
Knowledge is important in self management. Unless someone knows what to do, why and when, they are unlikely to take useful action. However, Knowledge delivered once, or in a didactic or authoritarian way is not effective. Knowledge given in the context of an opportunity to use it, for example as part of an activity or as a result of someone's questions is much more helpful and likely to be remembered. Also, information given at diagnosis, is particularly likely to be forgotten, so must be revisited and checked. So, health professionals need to provide education and ask if it has been received, and for people learning about diabetes, they need to generate questions they need the answers to, and also check from time to time, to ensure their knowledge is accurate.
Motivation to take care of diabetes is influenced by how severe someone thinks their condition is, and how likely they believe themselves to be at risk of problems from it. Also, taking a particular action, for example starting insulin or taking up a new activity, will have benefits and barriers which will also determine whether it happens. So, health professionals need to explore with people what their perceptions are of severity, personal risk and benefits and barriers, rather than just dictate what actions they should take. For people with diabetes, being aware of the pros and cons for them of taking a particular action, and being prepared to discuss these in a consultation is very useful.
A higher level of confidence in self management makes it more likely that someone will do this effectively. Confidence can be measured on a simple 0-10 (high) scale, with discussion of the number given and working out what the barriers are if confidence is low. Discussions about confidence are vital, to shed light on what a person feels more or less able to achieve. For health professionals, this means giving people an opportunity to consider and assess their confidence and discuss it with them. For people with diabetes, it means being able to work out what they feel less confident about and why and what might improve their score in these areas.
Day to day problem solving is associated with better self management. Problem solving involves first acknowledging a problem, then working out what would improve the situation (a goal) and what action needs to be taken to achieve this. For health professionals, this means that consultations need to be based around what problems the person with diabetes is currently troubled by, then working together to set a goal and action plan. For the person with diabetes, reflection on their key problems and their preferred ways to solve them, and actively practising problem solving is helpful, to make it become an everyday habit.
Finally, social support, that is the availability of help from others, is an important factor in self managing diabetes. Support refers not only to practical, but emotional and informational help as well. People with more support seem to be more successful at taking care of their diabetes. This means that health professionals need to explore with people what kind of support they have and ways they could access more if they need it. For people with diabetes, the implication of this is to consider who and how they receive support and affirmation in managing their condition, and where there are gaps. Also, to recognise that they may need to ask for, or set up support rather than feeling like they have to 'soldier on' alone or ignore their condition for fear of what others may think.
Reference
Ahola, AJ., Groop, P-H. (2013). Barriers to self management of diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 30, 413-420
While a review article doesn’t aim to make recommendations for changes in practice, in describing the evidence for each of the barriers, it does reveal what is effective or less effective. This is helpful because, ideally, it gives the chance for diabetes services and health professionals to use the evidence base to implement effective strategies for promoting and supporting self management and ‘lose’ the less effective ones.
Unfortunately this is not always what happens. Translating knowledge into action in relation to living with diabetes is in fact cited as one of the barriers. For example, the knowledge that persistent high blood glucose levels can lead to long term complications does not lead most people to keep their blood glucose levels within recommended ranges all the time. And it is exactly the same with health professionals – the knowledge that telling people what to do, advice giving and ‘warnings’ about complications is not effective in helping people manage their diabetes, does not stop them doing it regularly. There are other factors involved in effectively taking action and some of these are illuminated in this review article.
In keeping with previous blogs, I would like to suggest that in the evidence for effectiveness cited for each of the factors, there are as many messages for people working with diabetes as there are for those living with it, and reflecting and taking action on these could potentially help us all to feel more successful and satisfied in our efforts.
So, to make it easier than reading the whole paper in a lofty journal – who has time for that?! - here’s an SD 'key points' guide for both health professionals AND people with diabetes, along with some of the strategies that really work to promote and prize self management of diabetes, based on the evidence in this review. Think of it as your ‘hurdling guide’ - ideas for getting over the barriers when they arise!
‘Your SD Hurdling Guide’
Knowledge is important in self management. Unless someone knows what to do, why and when, they are unlikely to take useful action. However, Knowledge delivered once, or in a didactic or authoritarian way is not effective. Knowledge given in the context of an opportunity to use it, for example as part of an activity or as a result of someone's questions is much more helpful and likely to be remembered. Also, information given at diagnosis, is particularly likely to be forgotten, so must be revisited and checked. So, health professionals need to provide education and ask if it has been received, and for people learning about diabetes, they need to generate questions they need the answers to, and also check from time to time, to ensure their knowledge is accurate.
Motivation to take care of diabetes is influenced by how severe someone thinks their condition is, and how likely they believe themselves to be at risk of problems from it. Also, taking a particular action, for example starting insulin or taking up a new activity, will have benefits and barriers which will also determine whether it happens. So, health professionals need to explore with people what their perceptions are of severity, personal risk and benefits and barriers, rather than just dictate what actions they should take. For people with diabetes, being aware of the pros and cons for them of taking a particular action, and being prepared to discuss these in a consultation is very useful.
A higher level of confidence in self management makes it more likely that someone will do this effectively. Confidence can be measured on a simple 0-10 (high) scale, with discussion of the number given and working out what the barriers are if confidence is low. Discussions about confidence are vital, to shed light on what a person feels more or less able to achieve. For health professionals, this means giving people an opportunity to consider and assess their confidence and discuss it with them. For people with diabetes, it means being able to work out what they feel less confident about and why and what might improve their score in these areas.
Day to day problem solving is associated with better self management. Problem solving involves first acknowledging a problem, then working out what would improve the situation (a goal) and what action needs to be taken to achieve this. For health professionals, this means that consultations need to be based around what problems the person with diabetes is currently troubled by, then working together to set a goal and action plan. For the person with diabetes, reflection on their key problems and their preferred ways to solve them, and actively practising problem solving is helpful, to make it become an everyday habit.
Finally, social support, that is the availability of help from others, is an important factor in self managing diabetes. Support refers not only to practical, but emotional and informational help as well. People with more support seem to be more successful at taking care of their diabetes. This means that health professionals need to explore with people what kind of support they have and ways they could access more if they need it. For people with diabetes, the implication of this is to consider who and how they receive support and affirmation in managing their condition, and where there are gaps. Also, to recognise that they may need to ask for, or set up support rather than feeling like they have to 'soldier on' alone or ignore their condition for fear of what others may think.
Reference
Ahola, AJ., Groop, P-H. (2013). Barriers to self management of diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 30, 413-420
Thursday, 13 December 2012
Structured Education for People with Diabetes – A Box Waiting to be Ticked
There are many important statistics inside the latest report from the National Diabetes Audit (NDA), covering England and Wales, published earlier this week. Sadly, most of them lead to one main conclusion – that diabetes care is variable and because of the lack of receiving some well-known basics, people with diabetes run a 40% excess risk of death and also have a massively increased incidence of heart failure and many other complications. The NDA co-ordinators and diabetes organisations have called for the NHS to wake up and put nationally recommended care and treatment plans into practice. As ever, we support this call wholeheartedly.
To our mind, one eye-catching aspect to the report, which unfortunately didn’t make the headlines, was the finding that very few people with diabetes were either offered or attended a structured education programme when they were diagnosed. The figures covering 2009-2011, are not only low but stunningly low. In all, just under 8.5% of people were offered a structured education programme and just under 3.5% attended. Applied to Type 1 diabetes, the figures were 2.79% and 1.55% respectively and for Type 2, 8.72% and 3.57%.
If true, this is horrific – it means that most people being diagnosed with a lifelong condition that they themselves will need to manage day in, day out are not offered the opportunity to learn about how to do this. And even when they are offered it, it looks like only about half of them take up their place.
Another scary aspect of these figures is that although information about the offer and uptake of structured education has been gathered by the audit since 2005, this is the first time that there has been sufficient quality of data to publish. That means that in previous years, the figures were possibly even tinier than this year. The report’s conclusion, unsurprisingly, is that these figures are a great cause for concern. Again, we would definitely agree with this… but we’ve also been thinking ‘what on earth can be going on to create this situation?’ and so here’s our take on the issues and a suggestion for a way forward:
First and most obviously, are these figures accurate? The report itself says that under-recording is likely, and in our experience there are many, many services providing diabetes education, sometimes struggling to get takers because of low referrals. The referrals they do get are not always formal and documented and can even be through ‘word of mouth’. So it might well be that the people ‘ticking the boxes’ actually don’t know that education is taking place because it isn’t recorded. One possible way forward for this is that as well as a ‘yes/no’ answer box, there could be a ‘don’t know’ box, so that the audit can identify services where better information or communication of provision is needed.
Another key issue, and in our opinion, probably the most likely cause, is lack of provision of education programmes. Education in diabetes is still seen by many as an ‘added extra’ rather than the stuff of diabetes care itself. Because it isn’t seen as essential (and doesn't attract any money!), in pinched financial times such as the ones the NHS has experienced recently, it is one of the easiest parts of a service to cut and this has been the case in many places in recent years. But it’s also important to note that in many places structured education has never even got going, let alone been cut. This is not always through a lack of desire for it by diabetes services on the frontline, and they themselves will often cite lack of funds and educational expertise to get courses off the ground – another whole, vital issue that needs to be addressed.
When it comes to the diabetes audit then, if there is no provision, offering education is not going to make any difference – hence a ‘no’ in both boxes. The answer to this one is a radical rethink of the fundamental purpose of diabetes care services – of which more later.
On that note, the actual data recording in the audit might contribute to the results – for example, why record only whether people have been offered structured education and if they participated or not? Asking for the individuals’ reasons for not taking up the offer would be much more informative, because so much could depend on how education is offered. Given that for many, including health professionals, diabetes education is an ‘also ran’, it follows that this ambivalence might well be communicated to the person diagnosed, giving them the impression they can take it or leave it. Indeed, reasons we have heard from people with diabetes as to why they cannot be offered structured education range from ‘because we don’t have it in this area’ to ‘you probably don’t need it as you seem to be getting on ok’. Health professionals themselves often also say that they don’t believe that group education (which is recommended and has been shown to be effective), is right for everyone, so they end up not offering it to anyone. Given these examples and pre-judgements, it is not surprising that it is a bit hit and miss who gets offered an education programme.
Finally and amazingly, people still debate whether diabetes education ‘works’. It’s true that programmes studied often show little effect on diabetes control measures such as HbA1c. However, this is not always the case so this is not in itself a good reason to abandon it.
Here’s another way of looking at this argument: if you think that education is not designed to show medical outcomes, but is designed to show learning, and if the learning is done effectively, then it is a fantastic achievement. Imagine results in terms of many more people with diabetes keeping themselves out of hospital, fewer making costly phone calls to diabetes specialist nurses and practice nurses to ask about dose adjustment, and all able to confidently defend their decisions about what and when to eat. That’s what learning to live with diabetes effectively is all about and indeed, many educational programmes do show effects on these educational outcomes – increased confidence in day to day managing the condition, such as increased understanding of diabetes itself, increased self esteem and decreased anxiety and stress related to diabetes, to name but a few.
Here’s our suggested framework for success that might just tick the box for improved information AND improved education for people with diabetes and boost these audit figures no end
• Everyone diagnosed with diabetes follows a pathway straight to a group-based education programme within 3 months of their diagnosis – this is seen as the treatment for the first few months.
• There are few and specific reasons why someone should not undertake this pathway: for example, they are admitted to hospital or they are mentally or physically ill to the extent that they cannot manage their life alone, or they are in an institutional setting (although there’s no reason not to provide diabetes education in prisons or secure hospitals, is there?)
• The initial, group-based education programme is followed by update group education sessions every 6 months, which could be followed by one to one appointments if necessary
• Medical annual reviews for diabetes complications screening are scheduled at the appropriate time each year.
• Attendance and appointment logs for the education programmes are kept for each individual, which include invitation information and the person’s own reasons for not attending (if this is the case), and these are what is submitted to the national diabetes audit each year.
Not only would these data provide a much more accurate picture for the National Diabetes Audit, but this kind of pathway would encourage all diabetes services to be truly educationally focussed, staff to gain badly-needed skills and qualifications in education and learning and, most of all, people with diabetes to feel that they are getting what they need – information, answers to their questions and support from other people experiencing the condition, often one of the most overlooked and under utilised resources in the educational toolkit. Having all this would certainly be a welcome tick in the box!
References
National Diabetes Audit 2010-2011 Report 2: Structured Education http://www.ic.nhs.uk/diabetesaudits
(download from right hand panel)
Diabetes fuels heart failure risk
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20629398
To our mind, one eye-catching aspect to the report, which unfortunately didn’t make the headlines, was the finding that very few people with diabetes were either offered or attended a structured education programme when they were diagnosed. The figures covering 2009-2011, are not only low but stunningly low. In all, just under 8.5% of people were offered a structured education programme and just under 3.5% attended. Applied to Type 1 diabetes, the figures were 2.79% and 1.55% respectively and for Type 2, 8.72% and 3.57%.
If true, this is horrific – it means that most people being diagnosed with a lifelong condition that they themselves will need to manage day in, day out are not offered the opportunity to learn about how to do this. And even when they are offered it, it looks like only about half of them take up their place.
Another scary aspect of these figures is that although information about the offer and uptake of structured education has been gathered by the audit since 2005, this is the first time that there has been sufficient quality of data to publish. That means that in previous years, the figures were possibly even tinier than this year. The report’s conclusion, unsurprisingly, is that these figures are a great cause for concern. Again, we would definitely agree with this… but we’ve also been thinking ‘what on earth can be going on to create this situation?’ and so here’s our take on the issues and a suggestion for a way forward:
First and most obviously, are these figures accurate? The report itself says that under-recording is likely, and in our experience there are many, many services providing diabetes education, sometimes struggling to get takers because of low referrals. The referrals they do get are not always formal and documented and can even be through ‘word of mouth’. So it might well be that the people ‘ticking the boxes’ actually don’t know that education is taking place because it isn’t recorded. One possible way forward for this is that as well as a ‘yes/no’ answer box, there could be a ‘don’t know’ box, so that the audit can identify services where better information or communication of provision is needed.
Another key issue, and in our opinion, probably the most likely cause, is lack of provision of education programmes. Education in diabetes is still seen by many as an ‘added extra’ rather than the stuff of diabetes care itself. Because it isn’t seen as essential (and doesn't attract any money!), in pinched financial times such as the ones the NHS has experienced recently, it is one of the easiest parts of a service to cut and this has been the case in many places in recent years. But it’s also important to note that in many places structured education has never even got going, let alone been cut. This is not always through a lack of desire for it by diabetes services on the frontline, and they themselves will often cite lack of funds and educational expertise to get courses off the ground – another whole, vital issue that needs to be addressed.
When it comes to the diabetes audit then, if there is no provision, offering education is not going to make any difference – hence a ‘no’ in both boxes. The answer to this one is a radical rethink of the fundamental purpose of diabetes care services – of which more later.
On that note, the actual data recording in the audit might contribute to the results – for example, why record only whether people have been offered structured education and if they participated or not? Asking for the individuals’ reasons for not taking up the offer would be much more informative, because so much could depend on how education is offered. Given that for many, including health professionals, diabetes education is an ‘also ran’, it follows that this ambivalence might well be communicated to the person diagnosed, giving them the impression they can take it or leave it. Indeed, reasons we have heard from people with diabetes as to why they cannot be offered structured education range from ‘because we don’t have it in this area’ to ‘you probably don’t need it as you seem to be getting on ok’. Health professionals themselves often also say that they don’t believe that group education (which is recommended and has been shown to be effective), is right for everyone, so they end up not offering it to anyone. Given these examples and pre-judgements, it is not surprising that it is a bit hit and miss who gets offered an education programme.
Finally and amazingly, people still debate whether diabetes education ‘works’. It’s true that programmes studied often show little effect on diabetes control measures such as HbA1c. However, this is not always the case so this is not in itself a good reason to abandon it.
Here’s another way of looking at this argument: if you think that education is not designed to show medical outcomes, but is designed to show learning, and if the learning is done effectively, then it is a fantastic achievement. Imagine results in terms of many more people with diabetes keeping themselves out of hospital, fewer making costly phone calls to diabetes specialist nurses and practice nurses to ask about dose adjustment, and all able to confidently defend their decisions about what and when to eat. That’s what learning to live with diabetes effectively is all about and indeed, many educational programmes do show effects on these educational outcomes – increased confidence in day to day managing the condition, such as increased understanding of diabetes itself, increased self esteem and decreased anxiety and stress related to diabetes, to name but a few.
Here’s our suggested framework for success that might just tick the box for improved information AND improved education for people with diabetes and boost these audit figures no end
• Everyone diagnosed with diabetes follows a pathway straight to a group-based education programme within 3 months of their diagnosis – this is seen as the treatment for the first few months.
• There are few and specific reasons why someone should not undertake this pathway: for example, they are admitted to hospital or they are mentally or physically ill to the extent that they cannot manage their life alone, or they are in an institutional setting (although there’s no reason not to provide diabetes education in prisons or secure hospitals, is there?)
• The initial, group-based education programme is followed by update group education sessions every 6 months, which could be followed by one to one appointments if necessary
• Medical annual reviews for diabetes complications screening are scheduled at the appropriate time each year.
• Attendance and appointment logs for the education programmes are kept for each individual, which include invitation information and the person’s own reasons for not attending (if this is the case), and these are what is submitted to the national diabetes audit each year.
Not only would these data provide a much more accurate picture for the National Diabetes Audit, but this kind of pathway would encourage all diabetes services to be truly educationally focussed, staff to gain badly-needed skills and qualifications in education and learning and, most of all, people with diabetes to feel that they are getting what they need – information, answers to their questions and support from other people experiencing the condition, often one of the most overlooked and under utilised resources in the educational toolkit. Having all this would certainly be a welcome tick in the box!
References
National Diabetes Audit 2010-2011 Report 2: Structured Education http://www.ic.nhs.uk/diabetesaudits
(download from right hand panel)
Diabetes fuels heart failure risk
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20629398
Monday, 5 November 2012
Remember, Remember…
Even though it’s the right day, the title of this blog doesn't continue with 'the 5th November' (as you might have been starting to sing in your head). Instead, the next line is 'remember, remember... all the basics of living with diabetes'. We're referring to those small actions and timely interventions that can make the crucial difference between diabetes fitting neatly into your life and you constantly feeling you're backpedalling to keep up with it and pick up the pieces.
Take blood testing for example... yes, it is a pain, can be messy, inconvenient, embarrassing even, but without it, maybe you get an embarrassing hypo, an inconvenient thirst or the annoying call of the loo every 5 minutes. You get the idea?
To celebrate World Diabetes Day this month, we will be publishing a brand new book with reminders of all these essentials, revisiting the basics of diabetes and answering some of those often heard questions-to-self 'why am I doing this?' or, more often 'how did I end up in this situation?' If you've ever experienced this, we may be able to help you - just watch this space and our website for more info on when this useful addition to your diabetes bookshelf is available!
And importantly in this blog, we also want to ‘remember, remember’ something else: World Diabetes Day itself. It's a day supported by the International Diabetes Federation and celebrated around the world on 14 November, the birthday of Frederick Banting. Banting was a member of the Nobel prizewinning team who discovered insulin back in the 1920s. Blue is the colour of the WDD symbol, and many countries, towns and cities light up their most iconic buildings in blue to mark the occasion. It's a day to reflect on what's needed in diabetes care here and now.
With so many days and weeks set aside for different conditions these days, it's easy to think this is just another one, albeit with a good gimmick. Here's why we think it's important...
In the 1920s, the treatment for diabetes looked simple: insulin transformed people from emaciated remnants of humanity to vital beings, restored like the biblical Lazarus to their families and to life. Many of those who were first treated with insulin went on to have long and fulfilling, even pioneering lives, like Elizabeth Hughes Gossett, who died in her 80s after over decades on insulin, and Robin Lawrence, the famous doctor and founder of the British Diabetic Association, still thriving as Diabetes UK.
A few years down the line and for very many more people with diabetes, however, the picture was not so rosy. From the miracle of restoring life, the ravages of long-term high blood glucose levels became clear. Lost limbs, blindness, kidney failure and miscarriage and stillbirth rates spiralled upwards among those with long-term diabetes. It became clear that there was much more to diabetes than taking a daily injection of insulin and preventing hypos at all costs. Landmark research studies followed, showing that these catastrophic complications CAN be prevented and careful surveillance of their health both for and by people with diabetes must be taken, throughout their lives. In addition, it’s now known that Type 2 diabetes itself can be prevented through specific identification and intervention among those at risk.
It's great to say that modern day diabetes care can offer this care and prevention. Unfortunately, though, modern day diabetes care is not everywhere and not for everyone. Some governments still ignore the vast problem of diabetes among their people and some people still miss their care appointments. Focussing on education and campaigning, and highlighting the tragedies of missed diagnoses and lost working lives, are all important features of World Diabetes Day, as well as celebrating the successes and massive strides forward that are made by dedicated scientists, health professionals and people with diabetes themselves each year.
So don't forget to remember World Diabetes Day and maybe mark it with something special, however small, that signals your commitment to spreading the word. We've put together some ideas to start you off...
• Tell someone (anyone!), a single fact about diabetes, or your own diabetes, to raise awareness about it and its impact
• Dress in blue for the day - and tell people why
• Make a small donation to a local or national diabetes charity
• Make some blue-iced cupcakes and take them to work or school
• Visit the World Diabetes Day website to find out more about diabetes worldwide and spread this information on your social networking site
• Make a commitment to yourself if you have diabetes, to find out more about a particular aspect, or get help with something that is concerning you about it
Whatever you do, it will make a difference. Oh, and another thing to remember… put 14 November in next year’s diary to do it all again!
Websites
World Diabetes Day
Successful Diabetes
Take blood testing for example... yes, it is a pain, can be messy, inconvenient, embarrassing even, but without it, maybe you get an embarrassing hypo, an inconvenient thirst or the annoying call of the loo every 5 minutes. You get the idea?
To celebrate World Diabetes Day this month, we will be publishing a brand new book with reminders of all these essentials, revisiting the basics of diabetes and answering some of those often heard questions-to-self 'why am I doing this?' or, more often 'how did I end up in this situation?' If you've ever experienced this, we may be able to help you - just watch this space and our website for more info on when this useful addition to your diabetes bookshelf is available!
And importantly in this blog, we also want to ‘remember, remember’ something else: World Diabetes Day itself. It's a day supported by the International Diabetes Federation and celebrated around the world on 14 November, the birthday of Frederick Banting. Banting was a member of the Nobel prizewinning team who discovered insulin back in the 1920s. Blue is the colour of the WDD symbol, and many countries, towns and cities light up their most iconic buildings in blue to mark the occasion. It's a day to reflect on what's needed in diabetes care here and now.
With so many days and weeks set aside for different conditions these days, it's easy to think this is just another one, albeit with a good gimmick. Here's why we think it's important...
In the 1920s, the treatment for diabetes looked simple: insulin transformed people from emaciated remnants of humanity to vital beings, restored like the biblical Lazarus to their families and to life. Many of those who were first treated with insulin went on to have long and fulfilling, even pioneering lives, like Elizabeth Hughes Gossett, who died in her 80s after over decades on insulin, and Robin Lawrence, the famous doctor and founder of the British Diabetic Association, still thriving as Diabetes UK.
A few years down the line and for very many more people with diabetes, however, the picture was not so rosy. From the miracle of restoring life, the ravages of long-term high blood glucose levels became clear. Lost limbs, blindness, kidney failure and miscarriage and stillbirth rates spiralled upwards among those with long-term diabetes. It became clear that there was much more to diabetes than taking a daily injection of insulin and preventing hypos at all costs. Landmark research studies followed, showing that these catastrophic complications CAN be prevented and careful surveillance of their health both for and by people with diabetes must be taken, throughout their lives. In addition, it’s now known that Type 2 diabetes itself can be prevented through specific identification and intervention among those at risk.
It's great to say that modern day diabetes care can offer this care and prevention. Unfortunately, though, modern day diabetes care is not everywhere and not for everyone. Some governments still ignore the vast problem of diabetes among their people and some people still miss their care appointments. Focussing on education and campaigning, and highlighting the tragedies of missed diagnoses and lost working lives, are all important features of World Diabetes Day, as well as celebrating the successes and massive strides forward that are made by dedicated scientists, health professionals and people with diabetes themselves each year.
So don't forget to remember World Diabetes Day and maybe mark it with something special, however small, that signals your commitment to spreading the word. We've put together some ideas to start you off...
• Tell someone (anyone!), a single fact about diabetes, or your own diabetes, to raise awareness about it and its impact
• Dress in blue for the day - and tell people why
• Make a small donation to a local or national diabetes charity
• Make some blue-iced cupcakes and take them to work or school
• Visit the World Diabetes Day website to find out more about diabetes worldwide and spread this information on your social networking site
• Make a commitment to yourself if you have diabetes, to find out more about a particular aspect, or get help with something that is concerning you about it
Whatever you do, it will make a difference. Oh, and another thing to remember… put 14 November in next year’s diary to do it all again!
Websites
World Diabetes Day
Successful Diabetes
Wednesday, 11 April 2012
High blood pressure: Plenty of hype about hypertension
It’s fantastic this week to see diabetes as a front page headline on the BBC Health website, the subject of a new report on the national diabetes audit for England. It shows that only about 50% of people with diabetes have blood pressure below the recommended levels. Hypertension, the term for blood pressure higher than the recommended levels, is an important issue in diabetes as it is common but often silent, and can cause all sorts of problems, including strokes and kidney problems, both cited in this report. It can only be a good thing that public awareness is kept high about this condition.
However, it’s a rather less good thing to read some of the terminology used in the report. This kind of suggests that people with diabetes themselves are deliberately putting themselves in the way of these raised levels. It says that people with diabetes are ‘failing’ to control their blood pressure, and are ‘told’ to keep it under 130/80. The implication is that they are not doing as they are told or making the grade, as if it were some sort of exam they have to pass to gain approval. Added to this, for good measure, a fear factor is thrown in, namely that people with diabetes suffer ‘record levels of stroke and kidney failure and are dying years younger than the rest of the population’.
Whilst we are sure these implications and scaremongering are not conscious reprimands to people with diabetes, these kinds of messages are not necessarily helpful in enabling people to take action to rectify what’s going wrong. For a start, blaming people or telling them off is rarely effective in changing behaviour and making people fearful of consequences is more likely to lead to inaction than proaction. Equally, it is not the fault of individuals that they are more susceptible than others to a particular condition.
The Department of Health is also cited in the report telling people what to do. In this case, health professionals are exhorted to ensure all people with diabetes (which they term ‘diabetic patients’) have their blood pressure checked and to give them advice and treatment. Again, this gives the suggestion that this is not already happening, and is more likely to cause indignance amongst health professionals than make a useful contribution to their work.
How about other, perhaps broader ways of looking at the issues? Are there other factors which might contribute to so many people having high blood pressure? Firstly, a few ideas about this in relation to the suggestion that it might be people’s own failure to control their blood pressure that has led to this problem:
· Someone living with type 2 diabetes once told us in a meeting ‘diabetes doesn’t come to the party on its own, it brings its friends’ – in this case high blood pressure, high blood lipids and being overweight, all of which are frequently present alongside type 2 diabetes in particular.
· Type 2 diabetes is a condition whose progress is not always easy to understand. Even with the best efforts of all concerned, it becomes harder to manage over time and co-conditions such as hypertension can be equally hard to control.
· When treatment is prescribed for high blood pressure, it often involves taking multiple different sorts of tablets, some of which are not always palatable or tolerable. To get the right mix for an individual, a series of different combinations may need to be tried. The more tablets there are prescribed, the more risk of confusion and forgetting of doses.
· People respond to medication differently at different ages, ethnicities and with other illnesses or complications of diabetes.
· It’s much more difficult than anyone makes it sound to apply the commonly cited ‘simple lifestyle advice’ such as losing weight, taking more exercise and eating more healthily to manage high blood pressure, and even more so when you also have diabetes.
Secondly, some thoughts in relation to healthcare professionals giving advice and treatment:
- There can be flaws in the way advice is given – for example, a blood pressure check may be taken, but people are often not informed of the actual level, just given a broad message that it is ‘ too high’ or ‘it’s better than last time’. This is not necessarily meaningful and is unlikely to lead to concrete action.
- While there are nationally agreed treatment recommendations for what medication can be prescribed and in what order, sharing these plans with the people actually affected is not common. This means that they have not necessarily been informed whether a new tablet is an additional treatment or a replacement, which can result in under treatment of the condition (and also unused supplies cluttering people's cupboards).
- Even when the best advice is given, and care taken that it is clearly understood, there is also the question of how it can be practically implemented – for example, a tablet regimen that involves taking different pills at different times of the day can be really tricky to fit in to any lifestyle.
As ever with reports such as this, the headline news is often the most dramatic. Short reports need to have soundbites to capture the media’s attention and it’s great that this is obviously the case with the announcement of this report. But behind the headlines, let’s not forget that living with diabetes and hypertension is a marathon not a sprint, and people need some practical ways that they can make a difference to their blood pressure levels that give them a sense of control and reward rather than being thought of as at the mercy of health professional and medication instruction.
We’d like to offer a few other suggestions that could make a difference to high blood pressure, but are less often talked about in the excitement of the medical side of things. So if you have high blood pressure and want to try something different, these practical ideas could help:
· Relaxation – from taking 2 or 3 deep breaths and exhaling gradually a few times a day, to formal relaxation tapes or classes: it all helps to calm you and your blood pressure down
· Take your own blood pressure with a machine bought from the high street chemist, keep records and look for trends. This puts you firmly in control and will give you levels to compare ‘before and after’ when you make any changes in tablets or your lifestyle
· Ask questions of your GP or practice nurse, and find out what your actual level is and what you are aiming for it to be. The more you know about your blood pressure, the better.
· Find out more about blood pressure in general, on Internet sites or through books and leaflets. Being informed like this helps you think about your blood pressure in the context of your overall health
· Talk to other people who have high blood pressure or who have treatment for it. Can you learn anything from their experiences?
· Check with your GP or pharmacist about possible interactions among the tablets you are taking when new ones are added and ask them to ensure you are taking the least number possible per day. The less tablets you have, the less likely it is you will forget to take them!
· Keep a mood diary and see if you can link your high blood pressure to the way you are feeling emotionally. It may be that you need treatment for anxiety or depression as well as, or even rather than high blood pressure
Reference
10 April 2012 15.00
Whatever your role, what’s your experience of high blood pressure, diabetes and discussions about it with health professionals in consultations? What works or doesn't work for you or someone you live with or know? This blog is open for discussion!
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